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| Symbolic image of stomach | Photo: Pexels |
Ulcer means sore or wound. If it is in the stomach, it is called a gastric ulcer. If it is in the upper part of the small intestine, it is called a duodenal ulcer. Ulcers can also occur at the lower end of the esophagus or in the jejunum of the small intestine. Together, these ulcers are called peptic ulcers.
Reason
- The main cause of gastric ulcers is infection with a bacterium called 'Helicobacter pylori'. It enters the body through contaminated food and water. Once in the stomach, this bacterium damages the mucous membrane.
- Frequent use of painkillers, such as ibuprofen, naproxen, aceclofenac, clofenac, or aspirin, can cause ulcers if taken for a long time or in high doses.
- Sleep deprivation, smoking and drinking, congenital structural weakness of the digestive system, excessive anxiety, and stress can increase the risk of developing ulcers. Eating too much spicy and oily foods also increases the risk.
Symptoms
- Burning sensation in the stomach, unbearable pain, and bloating.
- Chest pain and burning.
- Nausea or vomiting. Sometimes blood may be present.
- Bleeding with stool and stool turning brown or black.
Diagnosis
Endoscopy is the most effective method for diagnosing ulcers. In addition, urea breath test, blood antibody test (anti-H pylori Ig), stool antigen, CLO, etc. are also performed.
Complications
- Gastrointestinal bleeding.
- Anemia.
- Esophageal perforation and peritonitis (infection of the abdomen).
- Thinning of the stomach or small intestine.
- Some gastric ulcers can also lead to cancer.
Treatment
- It is important to first know the cause of the disease. If the ulcer is caused by painkillers, then the medication must be stopped.
- If there is a bacterial infection in the stomach, you will need to take antibiotics to kill H. pylori. If H. pylori infection is not found, then various types of acid-suppressing drugs can be taken on the advice of a doctor. In case of complications, surgery may also be required in some cases.
- You have to live a controlled life.